To get the most effective results from cannabis, it is important to know several things about choosing a strain. Historically, Cannabis sativa has been used for its industrial applications as a fiber and textile crop, as well as for its medicinal properties. In addition to knowing the plant species and the THC and CBD content of each strain, it is also crucial to understand the main terpene profile. Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in the cannabis plant, as well as many other plants.
Why Understanding Them Matters:
The role of terpenes in cannabis
Within the cannabis industry, terpenes play a significant role in differentiating the flavor and aroma of different cannabis strains. Terpenes are the primary constituents of essential oils and are responsible for the aroma characteristics of cannabis. These organic compounds occur naturally in cannabis plants and contribute to the distinctive aromas we associate with certain strains, such as the pine forest scent of strains high in the terpene pinene.
Not until recently did we, as consumers, have the luxury of choosing specific cannabis strains through legitimate government sources, let alone the ability to consider the terpenes that are present. This newfound access to detailed information about cannabis products and their terpene profiles has opened up new possibilities for both medical cannabis and recreational cannabis users.
Therapeutic properties and potential benefits
Terpenes are not only responsible for the unique aromas of cannabis strains but also possess therapeutic properties and potential health benefits. Many terpenes found in cannabis, such as limonene (found in citrus fruits) and β-caryophyllene (found in black pepper and other spices), have been studied for their medicinal benefits, including pain relief, inflammation reduction, and treatment of various conditions such as depression, anxiety, addiction, epilepsy, and cancer.
The entourage effect
The entourage effect is a theory that suggests that cannabinoids and terpenes work together synergistically, with terpenes enhancing or altering the psychoactive and therapeutic effects of cannabinoids like THC and CBD. Terpenes have psychoactive properties but do not produce a ‘high’ like THC. For example, certain terpenes like myrcene may enhance the sedative properties of THC, while others like limonene may counteract some of the anxiety-inducing effects.
Understanding the terpene profile of a particular cannabis strain can help users better anticipate the potential effects and benefits they may experience. Strains high in the terpene linalool, found in lavender and other flowers, are often associated with stress relief and sedative effects, while strains rich in pinene may offer improved symptoms for conditions like neuropathic pain and bacterial infections.
As research into the therapeutic benefits of terpenes found in cannabis continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important for both medical and recreational users to educate themselves on these aromatic compounds and their potential interactions with the human endocannabinoid system and other compounds in the cannabis plant.
As Many as 200 Cannabis Terpenes
What exactly are terpenes, you ask? These organic compounds are found in the flower and leaves of the cannabis plant, as well as various other plants, fruits, and herbs. Terpenes, along with cannabinoids, are aromatic and bioactive chemical compounds responsible for the distinctive flavors, aromas, and some of the medicinal effects found in cannabis.
Terpene diversity in cannabis
There are as many as 200 different terpenes identified in the cannabis plant, and the amount of each terpene varies from one plant to another. This diversity in terpene profiles is one reason why so many different types of cannabis strains exist, each with its own unique characteristics.
Factors affecting terpene development in the cannabis plant
Several factors can affect the development and concentration of terpenes in cannabis plants, including soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop maturity. These variables contribute to the wide range of terpene profiles found across different cannabis strains and harvests.
The entourage effect
Terpenes, like cannabinoids, are believed to bind to receptors in the human body, helping to control the amount of THC that passes through the blood-brain barrier. They may also play a role in regulating the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. This synergistic interaction between terpenes, cannabinoids, and other compounds in cannabis is known as the “entourage effect.”
Vaporizing for optimal terpene preservation
Each terpene has a different boiling point, which is why vaporizing cannabis is often recommended over combustion (smoking). Vaporizing at lower temperatures can help preserve the delicate terpene profiles and medicinal components, preventing them from being burned off or degraded by excessive heat. Understanding the diverse range of terpenes found in cannabis, their potential therapeutic properties, and how they interact with cannabinoids and the human body is crucial for both medical cannabis patients and recreational users seeking to maximize the potential benefits and effects of their cannabis products.
Pain, Nausea, Inflammation and Relaxation: Medicinal Benefits
Cannabis is high in the terpene humulene, which can be effective in treating pain and may also act as an appetite suppressant due to its various therapeutic properties. Terpenes are substances found in all plants and are known to stimulate sensory awareness and influence how individuals feel after inhaling or ingesting them. Some strains known for their high humulene content include Afghan Kush, Sour Diesel, and White Widow.
Myrcene: Managing nausea and stimulating appetite
The terpene myrcene is best known for managing nausea and stimulating appetite. It also interacts with the endocannabinoid system to produce the entourage effect, enhancing the overall effects of the cannabinoids present. Myrcene is one of the more common terpenes found in cannabis and is responsible for the infamous “munchies” effect. One well-known strain high in myrcene is Jack Herer.
Anti-inflammatory and potential anticancer properties
Caryophyllene, a terpene found in strains like Rock Star and Sour Diesel, has been studied for its anti-inflammatory effects and potential anticancer properties. Trans-nerolidol, found in high concentrations in strains like Jack Herer and Tilray’s Island Sweet Skunk, may provide sedating effects, making it useful for relaxation and sleep.
Pinene, another common terpene in cannabis, is known for its potential in treating asthma and may also have anticancer properties. Strains like Jack Herer and Tilray’s Island Sweet Skunk are rich in pinene.
Bisabolol: A versatile terpene for topical applications
One of my personal favorite terpenes is bisabolol, which works great as an anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant. It is also known for enhancing the percutaneous absorption of certain molecules, making it useful in topical applications. Bisabolol can be found in chamomile and is commonly used in the cosmetic industry.
If you make your own cannabis-infused beauty products, as I do, I recommend finding strains high in this terpene, such as Nuken, Headband, Tangerine Dream, and some varieties of Kush.
I’m amazed at the medicinal capability of cannabis and all its components, and we still have a lot to learn about this remarkable plant! Thanks to nature, we have the ability to customize our medicine to fit our individual needs.
*These strain recommendations are guidelines, as terpene profiles can change from crop to crop. Always check with your provider for their recommendations.
Let us know in the comments if you have a favorite terpene. 👇
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